A typical house service installation is pictured in Figure 9.2. The connections used should be compatible with the type of pipe used. The materials used for a house service may be approved plastic, copper, cast iron, steel, or wrought iron. The minimum water supply pressure should be 40 pounds per square inch (psi), no cement or concrete joints should be allowed, no glue joints between different types of plastic should be allowed, and no female threaded PVC fittings should be used. The minimum service line size should be ¾ inch.
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The local or state plumbing code should be consulted for recommended depths. This depth varies, however, across the country from north to south. Four feet of soil is a commonly accepted depth to bury the line to prevent freezing. The house service line also should be protected from freezing. Elbows and bends should be kept to a minimum because they reduce water pressure and, therefore, the supply of water to fixtures in the house. The piping of a house service line should be as short as possible. To aid the inspector in understanding the plumbing system, a schematic of a home plumbing system is shown in Figure 9.1. It is, therefore, very important that the housing inspector be completely familiar with all elements of these systems so that inadequacies of the structure’s plumbing and other code violations will be recognized.
Top of Page Elements of a Plumbing System This chapter is not a plumbing code, but should provide a base of knowledge sufficient to evaluate household systems.
It will also assist in identifying the more complicated defects that the inspector should refer to the appropriate agencies. This chapter covers the major features of a residential plumbing system and the basic plumbing terms and principles the inspector must know and understand to identify housing code violations that involve plumbing. The inspector must make sure that the system moves waste safely from the home and protects the occupants from backup of waste and dangerous gases. The housing inspector’s prime concern while inspecting plumbing is to ensure the provision of a safe water supply system, an adequate drainage system, and ample and proper fixtures and equipment that do not contaminate water. A plumbing system consists of three parts: an adequate potable water supply system a safe, adequate drainage system and ample fixtures and equipment.
Plumbing does not include drilling water wells installing water softening equipment or manufacturing or selling plumbing fixtures, appliances, equipment, or hardware. Plumbing may be defined as the practice, materials, and fixtures used in installing, maintaining, and altering piping, fixtures, appliances, and appurtenances in connection with sanitary or storm drainage facilities, a venting system, and public or private water supply systems. “The society which scorns excellence in plumbing as a humble activity and tolerates shoddiness in philosophy because it is an exalted activity will have neither good plumbing nor good philosophy: neither its pipes nor its theories will hold water.”ĭepartment of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1965
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